CLOCIS:Cloud-based conformance testing framework for IoT devices in the future internet

In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has not only become ubiquitous in daily life but has also emerged as a pivotal technology across various sectors, including smart factories and smart cities. Consequently, there is a pressing need to ensure the consistent and uninterrupted delivery of IoT services. Conformance testing has thus become an integral aspect of IoT technologies. However, traditional methods of IoT conformance testing fall short of addressing the evolving requirements put forth by both industry and academia. Historically, IoT testing has necessitated a visit to a testing laboratory, implying that both the testing systems and testers must be co-located. Furthermore, there is a notable absence of a comprehensive method for testing an array of IoT standards, especially given their inherent heterogeneity. With a surge in the development of diverse IoT standards, crafting an appropriate testing environment poses challenges. To address these concerns, this article introduces a method for remote IoT conformance testing, underpinned by a novel conceptual architecture termed CLOCIS. This architecture encompasses an extensible approach tailored for a myriad of IoT standards. Moreover, we elucidate the methods and procedures integral to testing IoT devices. CLOCIS, predicated on this conceptual framework, is actualized, and to attest to its viability, we undertake IoT conformance testing and present the results. When leveraging CLOCIS, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and entities in the throes of IoT service development stand to benefit from a reduced time to market and cost-efficient testing procedures. Additionally, this innovation holds promise for IoT standardization communities, enabling them to champion their standards with renewed vigor

Towards End-to-End Generative Modeling of Long Videos with Memory-Efficient Bidirectional Transformers

Autoregressive transformers have shown remarkable success in video generation. However, the transformers are prohibited from directly learning the long-term dependency in videos due to the quadratic complexity of self-attention, and inherently suffering from slow inference time and error propagation due to the autoregressive process. In this paper, we propose Memory-efficient Bidirectional Transformer (MeBT) for end-to-end learning of long-term dependency in videos and fast inference. Based on recent advances in bidirectional transformers, our method learns to decode the entire spatio-temporal volume of a video in parallel from partially observed patches. The proposed transformer achieves a linear time complexity in both encoding and decoding, by projecting observable context tokens into a fixed number of latent tokens and conditioning them to decode the masked tokens through the cross-attention. Empowered by linear complexity and bidirectional modeling, our method demonstrates significant improvement over the autoregressive Transformers for generating moderately long videos in both quality and speed. Videos and code are available at https://sites.google.com/view/mebt-cvpr2023

The mosaic genome of indigenous African cattle as a unique genetic resource for African pastoralism

© 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc. Cattle pastoralism plays a central role in human livelihood in Africa. However, the genetic history of its success remains unknown. Here, through whole-genome sequence analysis of 172 indigenous African cattle from 16 breeds representative of the main cattle groups, we identify a major taurine × indicine cattle admixture event dated to circa 750–1,050 yr ago, which has shaped the genome of today’s cattle in the Horn of Africa. We identify 16 loci linked to African environmental adaptations across crossbred animals showing an excess of taurine or indicine ancestry. These include immune-, heat-tolerance- and reproduction-related genes. Moreover, we identify one highly divergent locus in African taurine cattle, which is putatively linked to trypanotolerance and present in crossbred cattle living in trypanosomosis-infested areas. Our findings indicate that a combination of past taurine and recent indicine admixture-derived genetic resources is at the root of the present success of African pastoralism

Epidemiological characteristics of ovarian cancer in Korea

Objective: This study was conducted to examine recent trends in ovarian cancer incidence and mortality and secular trends in demographic factors in Korea. Methods: With the data from Korea Central Cancer Registry, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Korean Death Registry, and World Health Organization`s Statistical Information System, we calculated age-standardized incidence and mortality rates for ovarian cancer. Also we estimated future incidence of ovarian and cervical cancer using linear regression model. To assess the demographic trend, data from national surveys in Korea or results from published papers were searched. Results: Ovarian cancer incidence rate was similar to that in women worldwide but lower than those in Western countries, and the trend has been increased steadily. Ovarian cancer-related mortality rates have been increasing in Korea, even though those in western and some Asian countries, such as China, have been decreasing. Age-specific incidence rate and mortality rate showed steep increases with advancing age. The incidence rate of ovarian cancer was estimated to surpass that of uterine cervix cancer in 2015. Korea showed rapid changes in nutritional, reproductive, and anthropometric factors. Conclusion: These recent trends in ovarian cancer incidence and mortality may be partly attributed to gradual westernizing of life styles and to changes in socio-demographic behavior factors. In particular, the increasing trend in ovarian cancer mortality in Korea may be attributed to a real rise in mortality as well as, in part, a decline in misclassification bias related to an increase in the proportion of deaths confirmed by physician diagnosis.Kolahdooz F, 2010, AM J CLIN NUTR, V91, P1752, DOI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28415Kim HG, 2010, ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST, V13, pH42, DOI 10.1149/1.3266905Cho GJ, 2010, EUR J PEDIATR, V169, P89, DOI 10.1007/s00431-009-0993-1Hirabayashi Y, 2009, JPN J CLIN ONCOL, V39, P860, DOI 10.1093/jjco/hyp168Park SK, 2009, J KOREAN MED ASSOC, V52, P937Ushijima K, 2009, J GYNECOL ONCOL, V20, P67, DOI 10.3802/jgo.2009.20.2.67Kim K, 2009, J GYNECOL ONCOL, V20, P72, DOI 10.3802/jgo.2009.20.2.72ALTEKRUSE SF, 2009, SEER CANC STAT REV 1*WHO, 2009, MORT BURD DIS EST WH*MIN HLTH WELF FAM, 2009, ANN REP CANC INC 200*KIHASA, 2009, NAT SURV DAT MARR FEBeral V, 2008, LANCET, V371, P303AHN YO, 2007, J PREV MED PUB HLTH, V40, P265PARK MJ, 2006, KOREAN J PEDIAT, V49, P610Brewster WR, 2005, NAT CLIN PRACT ONCOL, V2, P286, DOI 10.1038/ncponc0198Brinton LA, 2005, FERTIL STERIL, V83, P261, DOI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.09.016Zografos GC, 2004, INT J GYNECOL CANCER, V14, P721JO MW, 2004, J PREV MED PUBLIC HL, V37, P345HWANG N, 2003, HLTH WELL POLICY FOR, V82, P88Moorman PG, 2002, CANCER CAUSE CONTROL, V13, P807PARKIN DM, 2002, IARC SCI PUBLICATION, V155Olaitan A, 2000, BRIT J OBSTET GYNAEC, V107, P1094Risch HA, 1998, J NATL CANCER I, V90, P1774Nugent D, 1998, BRIT J OBSTET GYNAEC, V105, P584KIM NI, 1995, KOREAN J POPUL STUD, V18, P1WHITTEMORE AS, 1992, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V136, P1184PARAZZINI F, 1991, GYNECOL ONCOL, V43, P9*KOR NAT STAT OFF, 1983, KOR STAT INF SYST KOSEGI M, 1966, CANC MORTALITY SELEC*WHO, GLOB 2008*SIZ KOR, COMP EST ACC YEAR*MIN HLTH WELF KOR, KOR NAT HLTH NUTR EX*KOR NAT STAT OFF, PIL RES BIRTH STAT 2*KOR NAT STAT OFF, POP PROJ KOR 2005 20*KOR STAT INF SERV, POP STAT

The Effect of Breastfeeding Duration and Parity on the Risk of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Review Objectives: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize current evidence regarding the association of parity and duration of breastfeeding with the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Methods: A systematic search of relevant studies published by December 31, 2015 was performed in PubMed and EMBASE. A random-effect model was used to obtain the summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Thirty-two studies had parity categories of 1, 2, and ≥3. The summary RRs for EOC were 0.72 (95% CI, 0.65 to 0.79), 0.57 (95% CI, 0.49 to 0.65), and 0.46 (95% CI, 0.41 to 0.52), respectively. Small to moderate heterogeneity was observed for one birth (p<0.01; Q=59.46; I 2 =47.9%). Fifteen studies had breastfeeding categories of <6 months, 6-12 months, and >13 months. The summary RRs were 0.79 (95% CI, 0.72 to 0.87), 0.72 (95% CI, 0.64 to 0.81), and 0.67 (95% CI, 0.56 to 0.79), respectively. Only small heterogeneity was observed for <6 months of breastfeeding (p=0.17; Q=18.79, I 2 =25.5%). Compared to nulliparous women with no history of breastfeeding, the joint effects of two births and <6 months of breastfeeding resulted in a 0.5-fold reduced risk for EOC. Conclusions: The first birth and breastfeeding for <6 months were associated with significant reductions in EOC risk. Key words: Ovarian neoplasms, Parity, Breast feeding, Reproduction, Risk factors, Meta-analysis Received: June 29, 2016 Accepted: September 8, 2016 Corresponding author: Suekyung Park, MD, PhD 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea Tel: +82-2-740-8338, Fax: +82-2-747-4830 E-mail: [email protected] This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. INTRODUCTION Worldwide, ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer in women. Furthermore, it is the sixth leading cause of cancer deaths in women and the second most common cause of death among those with gynecologic cancers 350 to 8%), germ cell tumors (3% to 5%), and other rare types of ovarian cancer Most ovarian cancers are life-threatening and are notorious for having a poor prognosis, as they are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. Moreover, screening results based on pelvic imaging or tumor markers for early detection remain unsatisfactory Reproductive risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) have been extensively explored in epidemiologic studies. For instance, a pooled analysis of 12 US case-control studies in 1992 showed that parous women and those who had breastfed had a lower risk of EOC Since 1992, many studies from around the world have reported associations of parity and breastfeeding with ovarian cancer. However, findings concerning the protective role of increasing parity and duration of breastfeeding remain inconsistent. For parity, some studies have indicated that the first birth reduces ovarian cancer risk more than subsequent births Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and metaanalysis to summarize the current evidence regarding the association of parity and duration of breastfeeding with EOC risk. The aim of this study was to clarify the threshold for risk reduction among the studies without heterogeneity across the results. An additional aim was to perform a meta-analysis to estimate the joint risk reductions associated with parity and breastfeeding. METHODS Search Strategy We performed a literature search including studies published through December 2015 using the following search terms in the PubMed and EMBASE databases (1) (parity or "number of live births") and (ovary or ovarian) and (cancer or tumor or neoplasm or malignancy) or (2) (breastfeeding or lactation) and (ovary or ovarian) and (cancer or tumor or neoplasm or malignancy). Furthermore, to find any additional published studies, a manual search was performed by checking all references of prior meta-analyses [5,6.8,20-23] and of all the original studies. This systematic review was planned, conducted, and reported in adherence to the standards of quality for reporting meta-analyses Study Selection To be included, studies had to meet the following criteria: (1) the studies were observational (case-control or cohort studies), (2) the exposures of interest were the number of live births and the total duration of breastfeeding, (3) the outcome of interest was EOC, (4) odds ratios (ORs) or relative risk (RR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported or sufficient data were present to allow the calculation of these effect measures, and (5) articles were published in the English language. In the case of overlapping data, the study with the largest number of cases was included. As fertility treatments and BRCA mutation effects on EOC may alter the association between parity/breastfeeding and EOC [26], we excluded studies conducted on specific populations, such as BRCA-1 or BRCA-2 mutation carriers or infertile women treated with fertility drugs. The detailed steps of our literature search are shown in Data Extraction Data extraction was conducted independently by two authors. Disagreements were discussed and resolved by consensus. The following data were collected from each study: the first author's last name, publication year, study region and design, study period, participant age, sample size (cases and 351 Parity and Breastfeeding Effects on Ovarian Cancer Risk controls or cohort size), exposure variables (parity or total breastfeeding duration), study-specific adjusted RR or OR with 95% CIs for each exposure category, and factors matched or adjusted for in the design or data analysis. If no adjusted RR or OR was presented, we included crude estimates. If no RRs or ORs were presented in a given study, we calculated them and the 95% CIs according to the raw frequencies presented in the article. The quality of the study was assessed independently by two authors using the 9-star Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (range, 0 to 9 stars) Statistical Analysis The study-specific RRs or ORs with 95% CIs were used to determine the principal outcome. Because the OR closely approximates the RR for rare diseases, the RR can be estimated from a case-control study using the OR as an approximation One study did not provide the required risk estimates for analysis or separate the risk estimates for different categories of parity or breastfeeding duration. For this study, we used the method proposed by Fleiss and Gross [30]. This method allows adjusted effect estimates and CIs to be calculated for any alternative comparison of levels and can help in a dose-response meta-analysis. Briefly, we combined risk estimates obtained through a simple fixed-effects meta-analysis wherein the subjects were divided into unexposed groups (i=0) and exposed groups (i=1, …, n), and estimates (Ri) with lower and upper 95% CIs were available. To obtain the R1+, we meta-analyzed R1, R2, R3, …, Rn using a fixed-effect model. The categories of parity or breastfeeding duration varied across studies; accordingly, the number of studies included in each metaanalysis and the summary RRs in each meta-analysis were different depending upon the number of categories. Statistical heterogeneity among studies was evaluated with the Cochran Q and I-squared statistics 352 with ≤7 stars considered low-quality as per the 9-star Newcastle-Ottawa Scale; and (3) year of publication (<2000, ≥ 2000), respectively. Publication bias was evaluated using the Begg rank correlation and the Egger linear regression test, in which p-vlaue <0.05 were considered representative of statistically significant publication bias From the meta-analyzed result, to calculate the RR for the joint effect of parity and breastfeeding, we applied the log-linear dose-response model proposed by Berlin et al. We configured the following formula for the multivariate linear logit regression of two factors: Logit P=α + β1χ1 + β2χ2; where P is the probability of a particular outcome (EOC risk), α is the intercept from the linear regression equation, β is the regression coefficient multiplied by some value of the predictor, and χ is the risk factor (parity and breastfeeding). Using this equation yields the value of the RR for the joint effects of parity and breastfeeding duration. For example, in the case of a subject who has no risk factors, logit(P) is α. In this case, the probability of EOC is exp(α)=1.0. In the case of a subject with only χ1, logit(P) is α+β1. In the case of a subject with both χ1 and χ2, logit(P) is α+β1+β2. Accordingly, the probability of EOC is exp(β1+β2)=OR1×OR2. Since the category of parity and breastfeeding duration varied across studies, to calculate the RR for the joint effect of parity and breastfeeding, we used the summary RR for parity and breastfeeding duration that contained the largest number of studies. All statistical analyses were performed with Stata version 12.0 (StataCorp., College Station, TX, USA). RESULTS Study Characteristics The characteristics of the 32 studies included with data regarding parity and the 15 studies included with data regarding breastfeeding are shown in Supplemental 353 Parity and Breastfeeding Effects on Ovarian Cancer Risk Africa. For breastfeeding, two cohort studies and 13 case-control studies were included. The included studies were conducted between 1978 and 2008. Of the 15 studies, seven were performed in North America, six in Europe, one in Asia, and one in Australia. Parity and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Risk Thirty-two studies had parity categories of 1, 2, and ≥3. The summary RRs for the first, second, and third births were 0.72 (95% CI, 0.65 to 0.79), 0.57 (95% CI, 0.49 to 0.65), and 0.46 (95% CI, 0.41 to 0.52), respectively Duration of Breastfeeding and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Risk Fifteen studies had breastfeeding categories of <6 months, 6-12 months, and ≥13 months. The summary RRs for these categories were 0.79 (95% CI, 0.72 to 0.87), 0.72 (95% CI, 0.64 to 0.81) and 0.67 (95% CI, 0.56 to 0.79), respectively Subgroup Analysis According to Study Design, Study Quality, and Publication Year The results from the subgroup analysis according to study design, study quality, and publication year are shown in Relative Risk for the Joint Effect of Parity and Breastfeeding The RR for the joint effect of parity and breastfeeding, obtained using the summary RR from the analysis of 32 studies with parity categories of 1, 2, and ≥3 and 15 studies with breastfeeding categories of <6 months, 6-12 months, and ≥ 13 months, is shown in DISCUSSION The findings of this meta-analysis indicate that parity and breastfeeding experiences in women can help prevent EOC, which is typically life-threatening and has a poor prognosis. In particular, the first birth and the first six months of breastfeeding had a greater protective effect than did subsequent births and/or additional breastfeeding, although multiparity and additional breastfeeding did provide some additional protection. The risk reduction effect of the first birth on EOC risk was almost 30%, and the combined effect of the first birth and <6 months of breastfeeding was 40%; thus, breastfeeding provided a nearly 10% greater risk reduction. In regards to parity, the EOC risk reduction was highest for the first birth, with some additional protection from the second birth. However, slightly less risk reduction was observed for the third birth Pregnancy and breastfeeding are thought to reduce EOC risk Ho Kyung Sung, et al. 354 by decreasing pituitary gonadotropin levels and inducing anovulation [7,35]. Pregnancy and breastfeeding are expected to decrease the likelihood of spontaneous genetic mutation under the incessant ovulation hypothesis and of the hyperproliferation of inclusion cysts under the gonadotropin hypothesis. However, the observation that multiparity and additional breastfeeding did not provide an equal amount of protection does not provide evidence for either of these hypotheses. Nev- The summary RRs (95% CIs) in each meta-analysis were estimated using a random effect model. 3 Studies with ≥8 stars were considered high-quality as per the 9-star Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. 4 Studies with ≤7 stars were considered low-quality as per the 9-star Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. 355 Parity and Breastfeeding Effects on Ovarian Cancer Risk ertheless, the results of two experimental studies provide biological evidence for the relatively weaker protective effect of additional parity and breastfeeding [36,37]. For instance, high progesterone levels during pregnancy can increase apoptosis, which may clear transformed cells from the ovarian epithelium, meaning that all the accumulated transformed cells are washed fully out by the first pregnancy. Therefore, the first pregnancy provides a stronger protective effect than subsequent pregnancies [36]. In regards to breastfeeding, breastfeeding in the first few months completely inhibits the pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone, leading to suppression of ovulation [37]. After a couple of months, ovulatory activity may return, even though breastfeeding continues [37]; thus, a longer duration of breastfeeding does not provide an additional protective effect. Our finding of decreased EOC risk with longer breastfeeding is similar to that reported by prior meta-analyses in 2013 and 2014 [22,23], but differs from that of a meta-analysis of nine case-control studies conducted in developed countries in 2001, in which breastfeeding for ≥12 months was associated with a significant 0.72-fold reduced risk of EOC compared to never having breastfed, while breastfeeding <12 months did not show such an association (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.80 to 1.12) The strength of this meta-analysis is that it included all available studies, and the large number of EOC cases allowed for the investigation of the risk associated with different categories of parity and breastfeeding duration. However, the current study also has several limitations. First, our meta-analysis wa

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Search for heavy resonances decaying to two Higgs bosons in final states containing four b quarks

A search is presented for narrow heavy resonances X decaying into pairs of Higgs bosons (H) in proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at root s = 8 TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1). The search considers HH resonances with masses between 1 and 3 TeV, having final states of two b quark pairs. Each Higgs boson is produced with large momentum, and the hadronization products of the pair of b quarks can usually be reconstructed as single large jets. The background from multijet and t (t) over bar events is significantly reduced by applying requirements related to the flavor of the jet, its mass, and its substructure. The signal would be identified as a peak on top of the dijet invariant mass spectrum of the remaining background events. No evidence is observed for such a signal. Upper limits obtained at 95 confidence level for the product of the production cross section and branching fraction sigma(gg -> X) B(X -> HH -> b (b) over barb (b) over bar) range from 10 to 1.5 fb for the mass of X from 1.15 to 2.0 TeV, significantly extending previous searches. For a warped extra dimension theory with amass scale Lambda(R) = 1 TeV, the data exclude radion scalar masses between 1.15 and 1.55 TeV

Search for supersymmetry in events with one lepton and multiple jets in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe

Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (d̂ t) and chromomagnetic (μ̂ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ¯ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ¯ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048−0.087+0.095(stat)−0.029+0.020(syst),μ̂t=−0.024−0.009+0.013(stat)−0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | d̂ t| < 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.